|
''Spazio vitale'' (Italian for "vital space") was the territorial expansionist concept of Italian Fascism. It was defined in universal terms as "that part of the globe over which extends either the vital requirements or expansionary impetus of a state with strong unitary organization which seeks to satisfy its needs by expanding beyond its national boundaries".〔 *〕 It is similar to the German Nazi Party's concept of ''Lebensraum''.〔 *〕 The territorial extent of the Italian ''spazio vitale'' was to cover the Mediterranean as a whole (''Mare Nostrum'') and Northern Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean.〔 It was to be divided into ''piccolo spazio'' ("small space"), which was to be inhabited only by Italians, and ''grande spazio'' ("large space") inhabited by other nations to be under the Italian sphere of influence.〔Rodogno (2006), p.48〕 The nations in the ''grande spazio'' would be subjected to Italian rule and protection, but were to keep their own languages and cultures.〔 Fascist ideologist Giuseppe Bottai likened this historic mission to the deeds of the ancient Romans, stating that the new Italians will "illuminate the world with their art, educate it with their knowledge, and give robust structure to their new territories with their administrative technique and ability".〔 ==Ideological characteristics== In the political philosophy of Italian Fascism, the concept of ''Spazio Vitale'' (Vital Space), which justified the colonial expansion of Italy, corresponded to the ''Lebensraum'' concept of the National Socialists in Germay.〔 Yet, the colonial imperialism inherent to the ''Spazio Vitale'' proposed by Benito Mussolini did not require the genocide of the subjugated nations, but presented the Italian race as a “custodian and bearer of superior civilization”. As such, the ideological purpose of ''Spazio Vitale'' included the exportation of revolutionary fascism to replace the native political systems in order to “civilise” the conquered peoples into colonies of Fascist Italy. The Fascist ideologist Giuseppe Bottai, said that the historic mission of ''Spazio Vitale'' was like that of Ancient Rome (753 BC – AD 476), and that the New Rome — the Italian Empire — would “illuminate the world with their art, educate it with their knowledge, and give robust structure to their new territories with their administrative technique and ability”. That once under Roman rule and domination, the subjugated peoples would be permitted to retain their native languages and cultures within the Italian Empire.〔 The Fascist regime declared that the achievement of Italy's ''Spazio vitale'' would be divided into three stages, short-term, medium-term, and long-term.〔 The schedule for its achievement was accelerated due to the outbreak of World War II.〔 The territorial extent of the ''Spazio vitale'' was to include the basin of the Mediterranean Sea (the ''Mare Nostrum'' of Italian nationalism), and Northern Africa, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean. The Fascist Italian vital space would be in two parts, the ''piccolo spazio'' (small space), which was to be inhabited only by Italians and centered in Europe, and the ''grande spazio'' (large space), which was to be inhabited by the Italian Colonial Empire and centered in Africa.〔Rodogno (2006), pp.47, 48.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「spazio vitale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|